*Conclusions: We created a low-cost kidney transplant surgery simulator that can be incorporated in a transplant educational curriculum for trainees to learn and practice the time-sensitive vascular anastomoses without impacting patient outcomes. Each scenario is extremely unlikely thus, the analysis suggests that the number of surgeons entering training in cardiothoracic surgery is inadequate to care for the US population in the coming decades. All surveyed trainees wished that they had access to the simulator prior to their first kidney transplant surgery and recommended its inclusion in their educational curriculum. Surveyed trainees with kidney transplant surgery experience gave a mean score of 95/100 when asked about the utility of the simulator to improve suturing speed, and a mean score of 90/100 on its utility to learn the operative steps. Two trainees work together on the simulator to perform and assist in the vascular anastomoses including clamping, venotomy, arteriotomy, suturing, following, and retraction (Figure 2). A kidney-shaped stress ball was modified with 1.27 x 4 cm, 0.64 x 4 cm, and 0.64 x 15 cm Penrose drains anteriorly, posteriorly, and inferiorly to replicate a kidney allograft with its renal vein, artery and ureter respectively (Figure 1). Plastic hooks attached to the box’s sidewall held under tension Penrose drains of 1.27 cm and 0.64 cm diameter to replicate the external iliac vein and artery respectively. *Results: A 35.9 x 19.4 x 12.4 cm plastic box was used to mimic the iliac fossa. Trainees (n=9) with kidney transplant surgery experience answered a 0-100 visual analog scale questionnaire about the educational utility of the simulator. *Methods: We searched for inexpensive materials to replicate the iliac fossa, vasculature, and kidney allograft. We built a low-cost kidney transplant surgery simulator for trainees to learn and practice the vascular anastomoses step and surveyed its educational utility. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions and. Dont In-Test My Patience (Bronze): Perform a double kidney transplant in under 3 minutes. The content of Issues in Surgical Research, Techniques, and Innovation: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. A time-sensitive step impacting outcomes is performance of the vascular anastomoses. (Bronze): Perform a heart transplant in under 1 minute 50 seconds. Trainees are most involved in kidney transplant surgery. The American Journal of Surgery® is a peer-reviewed journal which features the best surgical science focusing on clinical care translational, health services, and qualitative research, surgical education, leadership, diversity and inclusion, and other domains of surgery. Simulation could overcome these challenges, but is underdeveloped in transplant surgery. *Purpose: Surgical skills education in transplant surgery is challenging as center-specific outcomes are scrutinized and trainees’ exposure to the sub-specialty is decreasing.
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